FE-Logo
  • Home
  • Study Material
  • Chemical Bonding and States of Matter
    • Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
    • Plots of molecular orbital
    • Electronic configurations
    • Energy level diagrams
    • Hybridization in LiF
    • Electronegativity
    • Hybridization in CO
    • Hybridization
    • Overlap diagrams of d-orbitals
    • Solid State Chemistry
    • cubic unit cell
    • Ionic lattices and Lattice Energies
    • X- ray diffractometers
    • Bragg's Law
    • Miller Indices
    • Rationalizing Systematic Absences in Diffraction patterns
    • The Phase Problem
    • Introduction to Band Structure
    • Band structures in insulators, metals and semiconductors

  • Reaction KineticsPhase Rule and Electrochemistry
    • Cell Representation and sign convention
    • The Nernst Equation
    • Free energy and EMF
    • Concentration cells
    • Measurement of pH
    • Batteries and fuel cells
    • The fuel cell
    • Electrochemical Corrosion
    • Electrolytic cells
    • Faraday's laws of electrolysis
    • The reaction rate and the rate constant
    • Order and Molecularity
    • Mathematical Formulation of First Order Reaction
    • Second-order kinetics
    • Third-order kinetics
    • Determination of the order of a reaction
    • Reversible reactions
    • The steady state
    • Phase rule

  • Structural and Mechanistic Concepts of Organics
    • Inductive and Resonance Effects
    • Acids and Bases
    • Bases and Nucleophiles
    • Resonance or Mesomerism
    • Resonance Effect or Mesomeric Effect
    • Hyperconjugation
    • Aldol Addition & Condensation Reaction
    • Cannizzaro Reaction
    • Beckmann Rearrangement
    • Diels-Alder Reaction
    • E-Z Notation
    • Free Radical Mechanism
    • Classification of Reactions
    • Nucleophilic substitution
    • Optical isomerism
    • R-S System of Nomenclature
    • Chirality and Symmetry
    • The Conformation of Butane

  • Polymers and Organometallics
    • Polymers
    • Types of polymerization
    • Chain growth mechanism
    • Step Growth polymerisation
    • Plastics
    • Polyethene
    • Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)
    • Nylon
    • Fabrication of plastics
    • Polystyrene
    • Teflon
    • Conducting polymers
    • Natural rubber
    • Elastomers
    • Fibers

  • Analytical Methods and Fuels
    • Fuels
    • Calorific value
    • Calculation of Calorific Value of a Solid Fuel - Bomb Calorimeter
    • Cracking of Petroleum
    • Knocking in IC Engines
    • Power Alcohol and Synthetic Petrol
    • Acid-Base Titrations
    • Water
    • Estimation of hardness of water
    • Scale and Sludge formation
    • Priming and Foaming
    • Softening of water
    • Zeolite or Permutit process
    • Ion-exchange process
    • Bio Mass
    • Introduction to spectroscopy
    • Some terms concerning UV
    • Applications of UV in analytical chemistry
    • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (nmr)
    • Theory of nuclear resonance

Branch : Civil Engineering
Subject : Chemistry
Unit : Analytical Methods and Fuels

Calorific value


Calorific value:

Introduction:

The quality of a fuel is determined by the amount of energy released per unit mass or volume referred to as calorific value.

Definitions of Calorific value:

  • Calorific value of a fuel is the amount of heat liberated when a unit mass or a unit volume of the fuel is burnt completely in air or oxygen.
  • Fuels generally contain hydrogen in addition to carbon. During combustion, the hydrogen is converted to steam.
  • In the determination of calorific value of the fuel if the products of combustion are cooled to ambient temperature (room temperature), the latent heat of steam is also included. This is referred to as gross calorific value (GCV) or higher calorific value.
  • In practice, the products of combustion are allowed to escape and the amount of heat realized is lesser than the GCV (since the latent heat of vaporization is not released). This is net calorific value (NCV) or lower calorific value.
 

GCV       =       NCV        latent heat of steam

 

                                                                 

  • Gross Calorific value is the amount of heat liberated when a unit mass or a unit volume of the fuel is burnt completely in air or oxygen and the products of combustion are cooled to ambient temperature.
  • Net Calorific value is the amount of heat liberated when a unit mass or a unit volume of the fuel is burnt completely in air or oxygen and the products of combustion are allowed to escape.

Determination of Calorific Value of a Solid Fuel – Bomb Calorimeter:

Construction:

  • The bomb calorimeter (shown in the fig.) consists of an outer cylindrical steel vessel (bomb) with an airtight screw and an inlet for oxygen.
  • The bomb has a platinum crucible with a loop of wire. The ends of the wire project out and can be connected to a source of electric current.
  • The bomb is immersed in a rectangular vessel (calorimeter) containing water, which is continuously stirred.
  • A Beckmann thermometer is introduced into the calorimeter.

Working :

  • A known mass of the fuel is made into a pellet and taken in the crucible.
  • Oxygen is passed through the bomb.
  • A known mass of water is taken in the calorimeter and is closed with the lid.
  • The initial temperature of water is noted.
  • The ends of the wire are connected to an electric source so as to ignite the fuel.
  • The heat released is absorbed by water. The temperature of water rises.

The final temperature is noted.

Questions of this topic


Ask your question

<
>