Surveying-I
INTRODUCTION OF SURVEYING
LEVELLING
CONTOURING
Theodolite Surveying
Simple Curves
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC MEASUREMENTS
- CONTROL NETWORKS
- LOCATING POSITION
- PLOTTING DETAIL
- Computer-aided design (CAD)
- Error and uncertainty
- SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
- ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT
- Probability
- INDICES OF PRECISION
- COMBINATION OF ERRORS
- Uncertainty of addition or subtraction
- WEIGHT MATRIX
- ERROR ANALYSIS
- VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRIX OF THE PARAMETERS
- Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and error ellipses
- BLUNDER DETECTION
- RELIABILITY OF THE OBSERVATIONS
- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- ESTIMATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS
- REFERENCE ELLIPSOID
- The geoid
- The ellipsoid
- COORDINATE SYSTEMS
- Geodetic coordinates
- Cartesian coordinates
- Plane rectangular coordinates
- Height
- LOCAL SYSTEMS
- Deviation of the vertical
- COMPUTATION ON THE ELLIPSOID
- PROTECTION AND REFERENCING
- BASIC SETTING-OUT PROCEDURES USING COORDINATES
- USE OF GRIDS
- SETTING OUT BUILDINGS
- LEVELLING
- CURVATURE AND REFRACTION
- EQUIPMENT
- INSTRUMENT ADJUSTMENT
- Automatic level
- PRINCIPLE OF LEVELLING
- SOURCES OF ERROR
- LEVELLING APPLICATIONS
- Direct and Indirect contouring
- RECIPROCAL LEVELLING
- PRECISE LEVELLING
- Parallel plate micrometer
- Field procedure
- Booking and computing
- DIGITAL LEVELLING
- Factors affecting the measuring procedure
- TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELLING
- PARAMETER VECTOR
- DESIGN MATRIX AND OBSERVATIONS VECTOR
- Plan network
- Distance equation
- Direction & Angle equation
- ERROR ELLIPSES
- Controlling earthworks
- OPTICAL METHODS
- MECHANICAL METHODS
- Weiss quadrilateral
- Single wires in two shafts
- GYRO-THEODOLITE
- Contouring
- HEIGHTING WITH GPS
- TAPES
- FIELD WORK
- Measuring in catenary
- DISTANCE ADJUSTMENT
- Sag
- ERRORS IN TAPING
- Tension,Sag and Slope
- ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT (EDM)
- DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS
- ORTHOMORPHIC PROJECTION
- ORDNANCE SURVEY NATIONAL GRID
- (t – T) correction
- PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
- Introduction of Satellite positioning
- GPS SEGMENTS
- GPS
- SATELLITE ORBITS
- BASIC PRINCIPLE OF POSITION FIXING
- DIFFERENCING DATA
- GPS OBSERVING METHODS
- Kinematic positioning
- ERROR SOURCES
- Global datums
- GPS SYSTEM FUTURE
- GALILEO
- APPLICATIONS
- INSTRUMENT ADJUSTMENT
- FIELD PROCEDURE
- Setting up using the optical plumb-bob
- MEASURING ANGLES
- Measurement by directions
- SOURCES OF ERROR
- PLANE RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
- TRAVERSING
- Reconnaissance
- Sources of error
- Traverse computation
- TRIANGULATION
- Resection and intersection
- Resection
- NETWORKS
- PRINCIPLE OF LEAST SQUARES
- LINEARIZATION
- NETWORKS
- PRINCIPLE OF LEAST SQUARES
- LEAST SQUARES APPLIED TO SURVEYING
- LINEARIZATION
- CIRCULAR CURVES
- SETTING OUT CURVES
- COMPOUND AND REVERSE CURVES
- SHORT AND/OR SMALL-RADIUS CURVES
- TRANSITION CURVES
- Centrifugal ratio
- Coefficient of friction
- SETTING-OUT DATA
- Highway transition curve tables (metric)
- THE OSCULATING CIRCLE
- Transitions joining arcs of different radii (compound curves)
- Coordinates on the transition spiral
- VERTICAL CURVES
- Permissible approximations in vertical curve computation
- Vertical curve design
- Sight distances
- Plotted areas
- PARTITION OF LAND
- CROSS-SECTIONS
- VOLUMES
- Effect of curvature on volumes
- MASS-HAUL DIAGRAMS
- RESPONSIBILITY ON SITE
- CONTROLLING VERTICALITY
- CONTROLLING GRADING EXCAVATION
- ROUTE LOCATION
- The equation of motion
- Sources of error
- LINE AND LEVEL
- PHOTOGRAMMETRY