Electrical Machines I (DC Machines)
Principles of Electro-mechanical Energy Conversion
DC Generator
D.C. Generator Characteristics
D.C. Motors
Transformer
- Generator Principle
- Practical Generator
- Armature Core
- Armature Windings
- Coil and Winding Element
- Single-layer and Two-layer Winding
- Lap and Wave Windings
- Simplex Lap-winding
- Numbering of Coils and Commutator Segments
- Simplex Wave Winding
- Brush Position
- Dummy or Idle Coils
- Various pitches
- Design of Simplex Wave Winding
- Developed diagram
- Position and number of brushes
- Applications of Lap and Wave Windings
- Function of Commutator and Brushes
- E.M.F. Equation of a D.C. Generator
- Types of D.C. Generators
- Copper, Iron or Core, Mechanical losses
- Power Stages
- Condition for Maximum Efficiency
- Introduction to Armature Reaction and Commutation
- Armature Reaction
- Explanation of Armature Reaction
- Demagnetizing and Cross-Magnetizing Conductors
- Calculation of Demagnetizing Ampere-Turns Per Pole (ATd/Pole)
- Cross-Magnetizing Ampere-Turns Per Pole (ATc/Pole)
- Compensating Windings
- Commutation
- Ideal commutation
- Calculation of Reactance Voltage
- Methods of Improving Commutation
- E.M.F. Commutation
- Interpoles or Compoles
- Functions of Interpoles
- Equalizing Connections
- Introduction of D.C. Generator Characteristics
- Open Circuit Characteristic of a D.C. Generator
- Characteristics of a Separately Excited D.C. Generator
- Voltage Build-Up in a Self-Excited Generator
- Critical Field Resistance for a Shunt Generator
- Critical Resistance for a Series Generator
- Characteristics of Series Generator
- Characteristics of a Shunt Generator
- Critical External Resistance for Shunt Generator
- How to Draw O.C.C. at Different Speeds?
- Critical Speed (NC)
- Compound Generator Characteristics
- Voltage Regulation
- Parallel Operation of D.C. Generators
- Connecting Shunt Generators in Parallel
- Load Sharing
- Compound Generators in Parallel
- Introduction of D.C. Motors
- D.C. Motor Principle
- Working of D.C. Motor
- Back or Counter E.M.F.
- Significance of Back E.M.F.
- Votage and power Equation
- Types of D.C. Motors
- Condition For Maximum Power
- Armature Torque of D.C. Motor
- Shaft Torque (Tsh)
- Brake Horse Power (B.H.P.)
- Speed of a D.C. Motor
- Speed Relations & Speed Regulation
- Torque and Speed of a D.C. Motor
- Armature Reaction in D.C. Motors
- Commutation in D.C. Motors
- Losses in a D.C. Motor
- Efficiency of a D.C. Motor & Power Stages
- D.C. Motor Characteristics
- Characteristics of Shunt Motors
- Characteristics of Series Motors
- Compound Motors
- Characteristics of Cumulative Compound Motors
- Comparison of Three Types of Motors
- Applications of D.C. Motors
- Troubles in D.C. Motors
- Speed Control of D.C. Motors
- Speed Control of D.C. Shunt Motors
- Speed Control of D.C. Series Motors
- Series-Parallel Control
- Electric Braking
- Necessity of D.C. Motor Starter
- Types of D.C. Motor Starters
- Three-Point Starter
- Four-Point Starter
- Grading of Starting Resistance - Shunt Motors
- Starter Step Calculations for D.C. Shunt Motor
- Efficiency of a D.C. Machine
- Efficiency By Direct Loading
- Swinburne Method for Determining Efficiency
- Regenerative or HopkinsonTest
- Alternate Connections for HopkinsonTest
- Retardation or Running down Test
- Moment of Inertia (I) of the Armature
- Electric Loading in Retardation Test
- Transformer
- Theory of an Ideal Transformer
- Theory of transformer on no-load, and having no winding resistance and no leakage reactance of transformer
- Theory of transformer on load, with resistive winding, but no leakage reactance.
- EMF Equation of transformer
- Voltage Transformation Ratio (K)
- Practical Transformer
- Ideal Transformer on Load
- Practical Transformer on Load
- Resistance and Leakage Reactance of Transformer or Impedance of Transformer
- Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
- Voltage Regulation of Transformer
- Losses in Transformer
- Mathematical explanation of Hysteresis loss in transformer
- Shifting Impedances in A Transformer
- Exact Equivalent Circuit of a Loaded Transformer
- Simplified Equivalent Circuit of a Loaded Transformer
- Approximate Equivalent Circuit of a Loaded Transformer
- Approximate Voltage Drop in a Transformer
- Open Circuit Test on Transformer
- Short Circuit Test on Transformer
- Auto Transformer
- Copper savings in Auto Transformer
- Tertiary Winding of Transformer
- Parallel operation of Transformers
- Transformer Cooling System
- Core of Transformer
- Optimum Design of Cross Section of Transformer Core
- Insulating Transformer Oil
- Transformer Accessories
- Over Fluxing in Transformer
- Three Phase Transformer
- Current Transformer
- Voltage Transformer or Potential Transformer
- Earthing Transformer or Grounding Transformer
- External Faults in Power Transformer
- Internal Faults in Power Transformer
- Backup Protection of Transformer
- Differential Protection of Transformer
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer
- Buchholz Relay in transformer
- Transformer Testing
- Current Voltage Method of measurement of winding resistance
- Dielectric Test of Transformer
- Transformer Ratio Test
- Transformer Winding Resistance Measurement
- Vector Group Test of Transformer
- Impulse Test of Transformer
- Temperature Rise Test of Transformer
- Winding temperature rise test on transformer
- Separation of Components of Core Losses
- Sumpner or Back-to-Back Test
- Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers
- Conditions for satisfactory parallel operation