Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments
Measuring Instruments
Instrument Transformer
Measurement of PowerMeasurement of Enegy
PotentiometersResistance Measurements
A.C. Bridge and magnetic measurement
- Introduction to measuring instruments and Clasification of Measuring Instruments
- Deflecting System
- Controlling System
- Spring Control
- Comparison of Controlling Systems
- Damping System
- Air Friction Damping
- Fluid Friction Damping
- D'Arsonval Galvanometer
- Torque Equation
- Intrinsic Constants of Galvanometer
- Dynamic Behaviour of Gajvanometer
- Underdamped Motion
- Undamped Motion
- Critically Damped Motion
- Overdamped Motion
- logarithmic Decrement
- Settling Time
- Effect of External Resistance on Damping
- Sensitivity of Galvanometer
- Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments (PMMC)
- Taut Band instrument
- Moving Iron Instruments
- Errors in Moving Iron Instruments
- Basic D.C. Ammeter
- Multirange Ammeters
- The Aryton Shunt or Universal Shunt
- Basic D.C. Voltmeter
- Multirange Voltmeters
- Sensitivity of Voltmeters
- Loading Effect, Precautions to be taken while using a Voltmeter, Requirements of a Multiplier and Ammeter and Voltmeter
- Electrostatic Instruments
- Types of Electrostatic Voltmeters
- Idiostatic Connection
- Kelvin Multicellular Voltmeter
- Attracted Disc Electrostatic Voltmeter
- Extension of Range of Electrostatic Instruments
- Instrument Transformers
- Current Transformers (C.T.)
- Construction of Current Transformers
- Potential Transformers (P.T.)
- Ratios of Instrument Transformers
- Theory of Current Transformers
- Derivation of Actual Ratio
- Derivation of Phase Angle ( θ ) of Transformer
- Errors in Current Transformer
- Theory of Potential Transformers
- Difference between Instrument and Power Transformers
- Power Factor Meters
- Moving Iron Power Factor Meter
- Frequency Meters
- Weston Frequency Meter
- Phase Sequence Indicators
- Synchroscopes
- Synchroscopes
- Electrodynamometer or Weston Type Synchroscope
- Moving Iron Synchroscope
- Introduction to Power Measurement
- A. C. Power
- Electrodynamometer Type Instruments
- Torque Equation
- Single Phase Dynamometer wattmeter
- Shape of Scale of Dynamometer wattmeter
- Error due to Pressure Coil Inductance
- Low Power Factor Electrodynamics Type wattmeter
- Power In Three Phase System
- Single or One wattmeter Method
- Three wattmeter Method
- Blondel's Theorem
- Power Factor Calculation by Two wattmeter Method
- Modified Version of 2 wattmeter Method as One wattmeter Method
- One wattmeter Method for Reactive Volt-amperes Measurement
- Extension of Range of wattmeter using Instrument Transformers
- Phasor Diagrams and Correction Factors
- Three Phase wattmeter
- Measurement of Energy
- Construction of Energy meter
- Theory of Single Phase Induction Type Energy meter
- Errors and Compensations
- Light Load Adjustment or Friction Adjustment
- Three Phase Energymeter
- Use of C.T and PT. in Energy Measurement
- Introduction to Tariff
- Merz Price Maximum Demand Indicator
- Phantom Loading
- Potentiometers
- Princlple of Potentiorneter
- Slide Wire D.C. Potentiometer
- Standardisation of Potentiometer
- Crompton's D.C. Potentiometer
- Vernier Potentiometer
- Simple Potentiometer with Independent Calibrating Circuit
- Potentiometer with true zero
- Brook’s Deflection potential meter
- Volt ratio Box
- Measurement of Resistance and Power
- Self Balancing Potentiometer
- A.C. Potentiometers
- Introduction and classification of Resistance Measurements
- Voltmeter-Ammeter Method
- Wheatstone bridge
- Sensitivity of wheatstone Bridge
- Galvanometer Current Under Unbalanced Condition
- Wheatstone bridge Under Small Unbalance
- Measurement Errors
- Megger
- Bridge in Controlled Circuits
- Introduction to A.C. Bridges
- A.C. Bridges
- Sources and Detectors
- Bridge Balance Equation
- Maxwell’s Inductance Bridge
- Anderson Bridge
- Hay’s Bridge
- The Owen Bridge
- Heavisible-Campbell Equal Ratio Bridge
- De Sauty Bridge
- Schering Bridge
- Wien Series Bridge
- Shielding and Grounding of Bridges
- Magnetic Measurements
- Ballistİc Galvanometer
- B-H Characteristics
- Eddy Current & Hysteresis Losses