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Design & Analysis of Rocket Nozzle- Full Report & Presentation DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SPACE SHUTTLE NOZZLEABSTRACT: The function of a rocket nozzle is to channelise and accelerate the combustion products produced by the burning propellant, inside a rocket motor, in such as way so as to maximize the velocity of the exhaust at the exit, to supersonic velocity. The nozzle converts the chemical energy of the propellant into kinetic energy with no moving parts. It is basically a tube with variable cross-sectional area.
Nozzles are generally used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the exhaust stream that emerges from them. The nozzle is used to convert the chemical-thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber into kinetic energy. The nozzle converts the low velocity, high pressure, high temperature gas in the combustion chamber into high velocity gas of lower pressure and temperature, thus producing the required thrust for the rocket to propel.
The convergent and divergent type of nozzle is known as DE-LAVAL nozzle. Throat is the portion with minimum area in a convergent-divergent nozzle. The divergent part of the nozzle is known as nozzle exit. In the convergent section the pressure of the exhaust gases will increase and as the hot gases expand through the diverging section attaining high velocities from continuity equation.
The analysis of a rocket nozzle involves the concept of "steady, one-dimensional compressible fluid flow of an ideal gas". The goal of rocket nozzle design is to accelerate the combustion products to as high an exit velocity as possible. This is achieved by designing the necessary nozzle geometric profile with the condition that isentropic flow is to be aimed for. Isentropic flow is considered to be flow that is dependant only upon cross-sectional area -- which necessitates frictionless and adiabatic (no heat loss) flow. Therefore, in the actual nozzle, it is necessary to minimize frictional effects, flow disturbances and conditions that can lead to shock losses. In addition, heat transfer losses are to be minimized. In this way, the properties of the flow are near isentropic, and are simply affected only by the changing cross-sectional area as the fluid moves through the nozzle.
Space shuttle uses some of the largest De-Laval nozzles in the Solid Rocket Boosters(SRBs). They are designed so as to optimize the weight and the performance. In this project a study is conducted to study the various configurations and geometries of a De-laval nozzle w.r.t the available technologies been used in the world. Further an effort is made to analyse the flow of gases through a Space shuttle nozzle using commercially available software Fluent 5.2.
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Last edited by sai.manohar; 8th March 2016 at 10:20 PM.
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Finite element Analysis of a Nozzle Flow
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A nozzle for a supersonic flow must increase in area in the flow direction, and a diffuser must decrease in area, opposite to a nozzle and diffuser for a subsonic flow. So, for a supersonic flow to develop from a reservoir where the velocity is zero, the subsonic flow must first accelerate through a converging area to a throat, followed by continued acceleration through an enlarging area.The assumptions are:
- the gas is assumed to be an ideal gas.
- the gas flow is isentropic.
- The gas flow is constant.
- The gas flow is along a straight line from gas inlet to exhaust gas exit.
- The gas flow behavior is compressible.
The finite element analysis of a rocket nozzle using commercially available analysis tools:
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Final, Third Year BTech, MTech & Diploma Engineering Projects in Mechanical Engineering on http://www.faadooengineers.com
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Aerodynamic Analysis of Flow Across a Car- Report: When objects move through air, forces are generated by the relative motion between the air and surfaces of the object. Aerodynamics is the study of these forces, generated by the motion of air, usually aerodynamics are categorized according to the type of flow as subsonic, hypersonic, supersonic etc.
Aerodynamic analysis of passenger vehicle exterior body has been an important area of interest since the time of the invention of automobiles. Initially, the analysis was done by making a complete car and running it on track. But measuring the experimental parameters was very difficult in external uncontrolled environment and also during the development stage there is no actual car to test so testing had to be done after an anticipated model of the car had been developed. The designers had to retrace the entire design process if they encountered any flaws in road test.
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What is the efficiency of a simple C-D nozzle & an equivalent bell nozzle, taking into account the surface roughness, manufacturing limitations etc? What are the advantages of a bell nozzle vis-a-vis conical nozzle?
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the space shuttle uses the bell nozzle whereas the conical nozzle is easier to fabricate?
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The de Laval nozzle was originally developed in the 19th century by Gustaf de Laval for use in steam turbines.
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Nozzles are not always conical, why? what are the advantages of spike nozzles?
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